一、导轨的分类

1、 Classification of guide rails

机床制造厂都在尽最大的努力，确保导轨安装的精确性。导轨被加工前，导轨和工作部件都已经过时效处理，以消除内应力。为了保证导轨的精度和延长使用寿命，刮研是一种常用的工艺方法。

Machine tool manufacturers are doing their best to ensure the accuracy of rail installation. Before the guide rail is processed, the guide rail and working parts have been aged to eliminate internal stress. In order to ensure the accuracy of the guide rail and prolong the service life, scraping is a common technology.

1、直线导轨

1. Linear guide

新的导轨系统使机床可获得快速进给速度，在主轴转速相同的情况下，快速进给是直线导轨的特点。直线导轨与平面导轨一样，有两个基本元件；一个作为导向的为固定元件，另一个是移动元件。为了保证机床的精度，床身或立柱少量的刮研是必不可少的，一般情况下，安装比较简单。

The new guideway system enables the machine tool to obtain rapid feed rate. Under the condition of the same spindle speed, rapid feed is the characteristic of linear guide. Like plane guide, linear guide has two basic elements: one is fixed element, the other is moving element. In order to ensure the accuracy of the machine tool, a small amount of scraping and grinding of the bed or column is necessary. In general, the installation is relatively simple.

直线导轨的移动元件和固定元件之间不用中间介质，而用滚动钢球。因为滚动钢球适应于高速运动、摩擦系数小、灵敏度高，满足运动部件的工作要求，如机床的刀架，拖板等。

There is no intermediate medium between the moving element and the fixed element of linear guide, but rolling steel ball is used. Because the rolling steel ball is suitable for high-speed movement, small friction coefficient and high sensitivity, it can meet the working requirements of moving parts, such as tool rest and carriage of machine tool.

工作时间过长，钢球开始磨损，作用在钢球上的预加负载开始减弱，导致机床工作部件运动精度的降低。如果要保持初始精度，必须更换导轨支架，甚至更换导轨。钛浩机械是以回转顶尖、丝杠、机床主轴、轴加工、高精刀柄、刀杆、弹性夹头、非标件加工、机床接杆为公司的主打产品！如果导轨系统已有预加负载作用。系统精度已丧失，唯一的方法是更换滚动元件。

When the working time is too long, the steel ball begins to wear, and the preload acting on the steel ball begins to weaken, which leads to the reduction of the movement accuracy of the working parts of the machine tool. If the initial accuracy is to be maintained, the guide rail bracket must be replaced, or even the guide rail. Ti Hao machinery is the company's main products including rotary center, lead screw, machine tool spindle, shaft processing, high-precision toolholder, cutter bar, elastic chuck, non-standard parts processing and machine tool extension rod! If the rail system is already preloaded. The accuracy of the system has been lost, and the only way is to replace the rolling element.

2、直线滚柱导轨

2. Linear roller guide

直线滚柱导轨系统是平面导轨与直线滚柱导轨的组合，用滚柱安装在平行导轨上，用滚柱代钢球承载机床的运动部件。优点是接触面积大、承载负荷大、灵敏度高。从床身尾部看，支架与滚柱置于平面导轨的顶面和侧面，为了获得高精度，在机床工作部件和支架内面之间，设置一块楔板，使预加负载作用于支架的侧面。

The linear roller guide rail system is a combination of plane guide rail and linear roller guide rail. The roller is installed on the parallel guide rail, and the roller is used to replace the steel ball to carry the moving parts of the machine tool. The advantages are large contact area, large load bearing capacity and high sensitivity. From the end of the bed, the support and roller are placed on the top and side of the plane guide rail. In order to obtain high precision, a wedge plate is set between the working parts of the machine tool and the inner surface of the support to make the preload act on the side of the support.

楔板的工作原理与斜铁相似，工作部件的重量作用于支架的顶面。由于作用在导轨系统上的预加负荷是可调的，为此楔板的损失得到补偿，这一特点被广泛用于中型或大型机床上，因为它对CNC指令反应灵敏，承受负荷大，直线滚柱导轨系统比传统的平面导机能经受高速运转，改善机床的性能。

The working principle of wedge plate is similar to that of inclined iron, and the weight of working parts acts on the top surface of support. Because the preload acting on the guide rail system is adjustable, the loss of wedge plate can be compensated. This feature is widely used in medium or large machine tools, because it is sensitive to CNC instructions and bears large load. The linear roller guide system can withstand high speed operation than the traditional plane guide function and improve the performance of the machine tool.